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Ancient city on the Euphrates River, about 60 miles south of Baghdad. As early as 2872 B.C. it was the capital of Sargon of Agade. From 2250 it was the capital of Babylonia and the holy city of western Asia. After being destroyed by Sennacherib, 689 B.C., it was rebuilt by his successor. After the downfall of Assyria, Babylon again, under Nabopolassar, became the seat of empire. Nabuchodonosor made it one of the wonders of the world. It was captured by Cyrus, 538 B.C. In 275 B.C. it was destroyed and the inhabitants transferred to Seleucia. Among its buildings were the temples of E-Zida and E-Saggila. It is mentioned in Apocalypse, 17, as the city of abominations. The Patriarchate of Babylon was founded, 1681, for the Chaldean Rite. Present patriarch, appointed, 1900, Emmanuel Thomas, residing at Mosul, Iraq.
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Benedictine house founded by Saint Edwin, c.701, in Worcestershire, England, and dedicated to Our Lady. Secular canons were installed, 941; the monks were restored by Saint Dunstan and Saint Ethelwold, 960. Exemption from episcopal jurisdiction was confirmed by Rome, 1260, and the abbey became one of the largest in England; it had two dependent cells in England and one in Denmark. Surrendered to Henry VIII, 1539, its demolition began, and only a few isolated fragments remain, including the great bell tower built by Abbot Clement Lichfield, c.1533.
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Founded 544 at Ard Tiprait on the Shannon, by Saint Ciaran. The masters were chosen simply for their learning and zeal, and pupils thronged from all parts of Ireland, France, and England. In the 12th century it was a center of Celtic art, architecture, sculpture, and metal-work, and its ruins may still be seen, with the exception of the little church of Ciaran.
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![[Pool of Bethsaida]](http://saints.sqpn.com/ncd01248.gif)
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A mountain 9 miles southwest of Acre, frequently mentioned in the Old Testament, as fertile, blessed, beautiful. There was an altar on it long before the prophet Elias’s time, and he, and Eliseus after him, resided there. Probably it was there he caused fire to come down from heaven. (4 Kings 1), and there his sacrifice was consumed by fire from above, after the sacrifice of the prophets of the false god Baal had remained unconsumed, whereupon they were all put to death (3 Kings 18). The Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel preserves the tradition that from the days of Elias and Eliseus there had always been a succession of hermits on Carmel, and that in the time of the Crusades they had organized themselves like the Western religious orders.
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Town in Monmouthshire on Usk River, associated with the legends of King Arthur. It was the seat of a bishopric, afterwards transferred to Saint Davids. In 973 King Edgar was rowed by eight kings at Caerleon. The remains of a Roman amphitheater are to be found here.
Bishops of Caerleon
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